Indigenous Studies 301-Assignment#2 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Indigenous Studies 301- #2 - Assignment Example One needs to apply through listening skills, observation and first hand experiencing events- taking action. The learning system has its composition that includes learning directly, meditating, and rethinking. Facilitating is a major responsibility of teachers. There is another group of people that contribute by offering guidance and enhancing learning. These are the elders (Osburn-Bigfeather et al, 2004). Exploration of a person’s mind is the onset of practicing native science. There has to be a close connection of the mind and the heart as this facilitates effective learning. Native science perspective tries to explain the complex connection that exists between humans and the surrounding. This must be a healthy relationship in the sense that both have to tolerate each other with the aim of having a good future. The science perspective intends to show the importance of seeking knowledge appropriately so that diversity and humans never collide. The community has a role to play in educating the people on ways to live with harmony and spirituality. This is done through community-based learning whereby the societys beliefs and practices are the strongholds in learning. Thus, individuals are empowered giving the best reasoning they can offer. Through education, people intend to learn more about their culture and of others. However, there is the point whereby culture is ruined through the introduction of modern language. People need to practice their indigenous culture to learn it. By communicating through the native language, the community can understand the essence and importance of their culture. There has to be the presence of consistent terms and legislation at the time when the beliefs and practices of aboriginal ideas in classes. Understanding ones culture requires one to live it. This means that this will bring a clear understanding of people’s current, previous, and future situations. This means that education is a

The Evolution of Hester’s Scarlet Letter Essay Example for Free

The Evolution of Hester’s Scarlet Letter Essay In the novel, The Scarlet Letter, the protagonist, Hester Prynne, is forced to publically wear her sin on her sleeve. She committed adultery, which was a sin that was highly chastised by the Puritan society. The Scarlet Letter that Hester wore first symbolized the burden and humiliation that accompanied the sin. Throughout the novel however, the meaning of the letter changed to parallel Hester’s own development into a strong, independent woman. The letter starts out as a symbol of shame. A public trial in the presence of her fellow New England citizens forced Hester to wear this shameful letter. As Hester was standing on the pillory, her punishment for committing adultery was to display the â€Å"mark of shame upon her bosom† for all to see (Pg 58). The Scarlet Letter diminished Hester’s image by subjecting her to public humiliation, which affected her emotionally and mentally. Puritan women at the pillory claimed that the Scarlet Letter could possibly be hidden on the outside by physically covering it, but â€Å" the pain of it will be always in [Hester’s] heart† (Pg 49). Hester had to endure belittlement and harassment at the hands the disappointed Puritan mob. Even the Puritan children, â€Å"the most intolerant brood that ever lived,† made disparaging remarks about her (Pg 83) because they â€Å"scorned [Hester and Pearl] in their hearts†(Pg 84). Hester was forced to the bottom of the social ladder if even children can get away with making fun of an elder without fear of punishment in such a rigid society. The various tragic events exacerbated the guilt that Hester felt. This is demonstrated when she told her husband, Chillingsworth, that it was her fault for committing adultery to conceal the identity of the person with whom she committed the sin. She hid the identity of Pearl’s father because the constant humiliation and rebuke that she had to endure led her to believe that her sin was completely her burden to bear. Hester knew that â€Å"her deed had been evil† (Pg 80) because Pearl acts out in a hostile and sinful manner. Pearl has grown to become a walking embodiment of the Scarlet Letter. Consequently, Hester felt overwhelming guilty. However, as the novel progresses Hester’s attitude towards the Scarlet Letter changes and the meaning of the letter goes through a metamorphosis that would help Hester wear the letter with pride. When Hester no longer saw the Scarlet Letter as a symbol of shame, it represented her freedom from the letter’s hold over her as she wore the letter with pride. Though she could have easily been defeated and sunken into despair, she persisted through the hardships. She became a productive member of society by sewing miraculous materials, which allowed the people’s perception of her to change. This can be interpreted as a change in meaning of the Scarlet Letter. Before, it had stood for adultery, but eventually people recognized it as a symbol of â€Å"her many good deeds† (Pg 142). The changes in the letter, both physically and symbolically, reflected the perception that people had of Hester. Hester transformed into a â€Å"powerful peculiar,† an individual who was â€Å"so kind to the poor, so helpful to the sick† (Pg 142). Despite her initial difficult circumstances, Hester turned around her life. As Hester experienced her transformation, she showed resentment towards her punishment. She knew that there were others in the community who committed sins, some even greater than hers, but these atrocities went unpunished. Consequently, Hester’s changing attitude revealed that while she saw her act as a sin, she felt that her punishment was unjustified due to the hypocrisy that was prevalent within the society. Hester realized that the persecution against her was unfair given the hypocritical standards of the society and that other people should perhaps wear their own Scarlet Letter for the sins that they have committed. Her path to redemption instilled the confidence in her to believe that she was not inferior to others; if others were not going to own up to their own mistakes, she was not required to do so either. She was no longer sorry for what she had done because while she faced the consequences head-on, others were cowardly concealing their sins in order to evade public humiliation and punishment. Due to the double standard in society, Hester decided that the act was not as evil as it was made out to be by society. She told Dimmesdale that â€Å"what [they] did had a consecration of its own† (Pg 170). The Scarlet Letter was supposed to remind Hester and the townspeople of her sin, but â€Å"the Scarlet Letter had not done its office† (Pg 145). The meaning of the Scarlet Letter that Hester wore changed throughout the novel to parallel Hester’s own path to enlightenment and freedom from societal pressure. The metamorphosis of Hester’s image and the change in her inner thoughts represented how she overcame the burden of the Scarlet Letter. The Scarlet Letter was an embodiment of Hester’s life.

A comparison between US GAAP and German HGB

A comparison between US GAAP and German HGB A comparison between US GAAP and German HGB By January 2014 Supervisor: PERMISSION TO STORE RESEARCH PAPER IN LIBRARY AND MAKE AVAILABLE FOR USE I, Claudiu Ghiuzan, do hereby irrevocably consent to and authorize the Library of University of Applied Management Studies, Mannheim, to file the attached Research Paper entitled: â€Å"A comparison between US GAAP and German HGB†, and make such paper available for use, circulation, and reproduction by Library users at the University of Applied Management Studies, Mannheim. I state at this time that the contents of this paper are my own work and completely original. ____________________________________________ (Signature) _______________________________________________ (Date) Chapter 1 1. Introduction When the multinational enterprises work with different accounting systems it might be possible to come with different results at the end of the year. This is the case of Siemens AG with the annual report from 2000. The German corporation ´s stock has been traded on the NYSE (New York Stock Exchange) and according to their report from US GAAP (General Accepted Accounting Principles) their net income was â‚ ¬8,860 million while on German GAAP based on the same calculations their net income was reported as â‚ ¬7,901 million. This means practically 14% more net income (Bruetsch 2003). HGB and US GAAP are different accounting systems that companies use to organize their financial statements. HGB is primary used for companies in Germany and US GAAP in United States. Basically the financial reports of the multinationals are written according to the financial standards from the country they operate. This research paper will give you an overview of the main differences between the both systems and will help you to better understand the practices used by the two important market leaders in the world. Chapter 2 2.1 Literature review 2.2 U.S. GAAP The accounting standards in United States have been first set by the AICPA (American Institute of Certified Public Accountants). In 1939 AICPA created also the Committee on Accounting Procedure and after this in 1959 it was replaced by Accounting Principles Board. In 1984 the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (PCAOB) and the Governmental Accounting Standards Board (GASB) determined the accounting standards in U.S (PWC.com, 2012). The US GAAP is influenced basically by the Common Law of United states. 2.3 German GAAP Different from US GAAP is the German HGB or Handelsgesetzbuch, a commercial code established first in 1897 and replaced in 1938 conform the European standards. The German accounting system was used also in Austria since 1938 (Investopedia.com). There are many differences between the German and U.S. accounting standards and it seems quite important for the financial employees to know them, mostly when they work in a multinational company. Some of the major differences consist in value-added tax, capitalization of software costs, personnel restructuring, employee share purchase plans, deferred income including derivatives, maintenance accruals, unrealized gains on marketable securities and share offering costs. The following section will analyse this differences and will offer a better understanding of the terms used in German GAAP and U.S. GAAP. Chapter 3 3.1 General Analyses 3.2 Value-added tax In the German GAAP the value-added tax or VAT needs to be depreciated and the VAT recoveries recorded as other operating income. Under U.S. GAAP the capitalized VAT is considered a long-term receivable rather than plant and equipment or property. For that reason the depreciation and operating income are not recognized (Alexander et al. 2004). 3.3 Personnel restructuring Under U.S. GAAP, the estimated cost of employee separation are accrued in the period that the employee accepts the offer of termination while under German GAAP these costs are often financial on the basis of the Company when it announced the intention to reduce its workforce (Alexander et al. 2004). 3.4 Deferred income including derivatives According to U.S. GAAP the income of a company from a basic agreement is to be distributed over the duration of the agreement while under German GAAP this income is to be considered in accordance with the economic useful life (Alexander et al. 2004). â€Å"Under German GAAP, gains and losses resulting from the termination of interest rate swaps are recognized in the year of termination while according to U.S. GAAP, gains and losses on interest rate swaps accounted for as hedges are amortized over the remaining outstanding period of the interest rate swap or the remaining life of the hedged position, whichever is shorter† (Alexander et al. 2004). Under German GAAP, â€Å"the foreign currency forward contracts and options used to hedge against the currency risk involved with a planned acquisition† are accounted as a hedge without affecting net income â€Å"as an offset against the acquisition cost of the investment† while under U.S. GAAP may not be accounted for as a hedge (Alexander et al 2004). 3.5 Maintenance accruals The German GAAP requires that the cost of maintenance associated to the financial year and only the ones incurred within the first three months of the following year have been accrued at every end of the period while under U.S. GAAP, the cost of maintenance is considered in the periods incurred (Alexander et al. 2004). 3.6 Unrealized gains on marketable securities Under U.S. GAAP the marketable equity securities other than investments accounted for by equity method or marketable debt, are classified as either available for sale, or as trading, or held to maturity while under German GAAP they are generally carried at historical cost. â€Å"Securities classified as trading or available for sale are reported at fair value at the balance sheet data and held to maturity securities are reported at historical cost. Unrealized gains and losses on trading securities are recorded in net income while unrealized gains and losses on securities categorized as available for sale are recorded, net of income tax, in shareholders ´ equity† (Alexander et al. 2004). 3.7 Share offering cost The share offering costs are written as extraordinary expenses in the income statement according to German GAAP while under U.S. GAAP are charged against the proceeds of the offering (Alexander et al. 2004). Jà ¼rgen Kirsch, a professor of Finance at the University of Munster explain that the essential differences between German GAAP and U.S. GAAP are seen better at the capital markets and at investors. According to his paper in the financial structure of Germany the capital markets are less important than bank loans while in USA the capital markets are more important than banks. Furthermore the shareholder structure in USA is based on broad distribution of shares while in Germany the private investors are less important (Kirsch 2012). Looking at the basis for tax calculation and distributions we can see that USA has no influence on tax law and in Germany â€Å"tax dictates financial accounting† was abolished. The distribution rules are also different under German GAAP and U.S. GAAP. In Germany building of reserves and distribution constraints are controlled by law, and there are minimum distribution rules based on single accounts. However in USA there are almost no regulations to build reserves. The board determines the distribution and it is based on group accounts (Kirsch 2012). Another significant differences between HGB and US GAAP according to KPMG, one of the biggest professional service companies in the world, are the provisions. The provisions have different recognition criteria, different measurement criteria and different selected specific areas. 3.8 Provisions Recognition criteria Under German GAAP the provisions are based more on the principle of prudent accounting while under U.S. GAAP are recorded for legal/contractual obligations or constructive obligations. The German HGB allows also provisions where no third-party liability exist for example expense accruals, planned repairs or internal costs of the year-end closing. Under U.S. GAAP a liability must exist to a third party at the balance sheet date (KPMG, 2005). Different measurement The measurement criteria are also different. Under U.S. GAAP the amount of provision is based on best estimate while HGB allows greater flexibility and accruals could be substantially higher than under U.S. GAAP (KPMG, 2005). 3.9 Foreign currency translation The German GAAP requires that the financial statements must be recorded in the Euro currency and no other currencies are allowed. Under U.S. GAAP there is no specific currency underlined (KPMG, 2003). 4.0 Tax influences on the Balance sheet According to Grabowski ´s paper under the German GAAP the tax balance sheet and commercial balance sheet are closely connected to each other while under the U.S. GAAP there are no tax influences on the financial statement because the commercial balance sheet is separated from the tax balance sheet (Grabowski, 2012). Chapter 4 5.1 Conclusion This paper provided abroad understanding of the key differences between U.S. GAAP and German GAAP and offered a better analyse of the concepts. Even though both financial systems have some differences in the structure, the basic principles do not differ so much. We can probably say that this differences are influenced by the different laws systems of the countries. Germany for example is based on civil code which has an extensive number of regulations that should be applied to as many special cases as possible and transferred to similar cases while USA is based on common law which implies a limited number of regulations. Here the rules are applied to special cases they were invented for and are decided for individual cases by jurisdiction. After all we can say that U.S. GAAP and German GAAP are simply a combination of dependable standards and due to globalization it become necessary for multinational to understand the both systems in order to operate in this powerful economies. However in the future it might be possible that companies from both countries to report their financial data just according to one financial system. References Alexander, D., Noble, C. (2004), â€Å"Financial Accounting: An International Introduction Second Edition†, Pearson Educational Limited 2004. Available at: http://books.google.de/books?id=_oe7rGbzdBsCpg=PA406lpg=PA406dq=differences+between+hgb+and+us+gaapsource=blots=iKY7Xicu3asig=3jlQYyYW0OxDFP8HJqSepxbhPGghl=rosa=Xei=-SbgUv6gHcLcswagr4HgBQved=0CF8Q6AEwBjgK#v=onepageq=differences%20between%20hgb%20and%20us%20gaapf=true [Accessed at 23 Jan. 2014]. Bruetsch, M. (2003), â€Å"U.S. GAAP and German HGB – A comparative Approach†, Oxford Brookes University, [online]. Available at: http://www.grin.com/en/e-book/14850/u-s-gaap-and-german-hgb-a-comparative-approach [Accessed at 22 Jan. 2014]. Grabowski, P. (2012), â€Å"Die wichtigsten Unterschiede zwischen HGB, IAS US-GAAPâ€Å" [online]. Available at: http://www.petra-grabowski.de/Schulungen/Diploma_Bilanzierung/Bilanzierung-8_Unterschiede_IAS_HGB_US-GAAP.pdf [Accessed at 23 Jan. 2014]. Kirsch, H., J., †International Financial Reportingâ€Å", Institut fà ¼r Rechnungslegung und Wirtschaftsprà ¼fung Westfà ¤lische Wihelms-Università ¤t Mà ¼nster 2012, [online]. Available at: http://www.wiwi.uni-muenster.de/25/content/html_de/studieren/material/11wise_IRL_Kap1.pdf [Accessed at 22 Jan. 2014]. KPMG (2003) ‘Implementing IFRS – Extract from: IFRS compared with US GAAP and German GAAP’ [online]. Available at: http://www.kpmg.com/CN/en/IssuesAndInsights/ArticlesPublications/Documents/IFRS-German-GAAP-O-200303.pdf [Accessed at 23 Jan 2014]. KPMG (2005) â€Å"Provisions-Significant differences between IFRS/HGB/US-GAAP† [online]. Available at: http://www.agig.de/53-2.pdf [Accessed at 23 Jan. 2014]. Investopedia (no date available), â€Å"Handelsgesetzbuch-HGB† [online]. Available at: http://www.investopedia.com/terms/h/hgb.asp [Accessed at 23 Jan. 2014]. PWC (2012), â€Å"AP: similarities and differences- 2012†, [online]. Available at: http://www.pwc.com/us/en/cfodirect/issues/ifrs-adoption-convergence/ifrs-and-us-gaap-similaries-differences-2012.jhtml [Accessed at 23 Jan. 2014]. 1

The Complex Character of King Richard II Essays -- Richard II Richard

The Complex Character of King Richard II A general conclusion of most critics is that Richard II is a play about the deposition of a "weak and effeminate" king. That he was a weak king, will be conceded. That he was an inferior person, will not. The insight to Richard's character and motivation is to view him as a person consistently acting his way through life. Richard was a man who held great love for show and ceremony. This idiosyncrasy certainly led him to make decisions as king that were poor, and in effect an inept ruler. If not for this defect in character, Richard could be viewed as a witty, intelligent person, albeit ill-suited for his inherited occupation. Immediately the reader is shown the adoration of ceremony and drama that Richard holds. He hears the accusations brought to him by his cousin Bolingbroke and Mowbray. Mowbray fearing impartiality on the kings part is reassured by Richard: "impartial are our eyes and ears./ Were he my brother, nay my kingdom's heir...Now by my scepter's awe I make a vow. (I.i.120-123). Notice the love Richard has of his power and of the ceremony itself that the kingship brings with three words, "my scepters awe". Interestingly until this point Richard has used the royal "we" in his speech; here it becomes his personal status. Additionally, he asks them to "be ruled by me" (i.i157) and follows this line with clever poetry. "Lets purge this choler without letting blood./ This we prescribe, though no physician;/ Deep malice makes too deep incision." (I.i.158-160). Richard is showing off his poetic talents, not necessarily his kingly talents. There seems to be a strong feeling that he enjoys this display of his talent. At this point the reader may be amused and entertained by his ... ... He was though very inconsistent. He lapses into moods and publicly displays his feelings. Inconstancy is not the way to rule a country. His entrance into "reality" stems from his adversity with Bolingbroke. Would Richard have matured if not faced with the opposition of Bolingbroke. Sadly the answer seems to be no. Richard was consistently acting through his reign, yet that was his true personality. Such is the paradox that is Richard II. Works Cited Calderwood, James L. and Howard E. Tolvier, eds. Essays in Shakespearean Criticism. NJ:Prentice Hall, Inc. 1970 Cubeta, Paul A., Twentieth Century Interpretations of Richard II. NJ:Prentice Hall, Inc. 1971 Dean, Leonard F., ed. Shakespeare Modern Essays in Criticism. New York:Oxford University Press. 1967 Shakespeare, William. The Tragedy of Richard The Second. New York: Washington Square Press. 1962

Sociology & Suicide

Introduction to Sociology Performance Assessment Task #1: Sociology & Suicide Amy M. Ehlert Northcentral Technical College Abstract In this paper, I introduce Emile Durkheim's ideas of suicide and the four types. I also discuss the sociological perspectives of the variations in suicide rates that Durkheim's theory is able to explain. Finally, in conclusion, I offer my own personal views on the topic of suicide and propose ways that society could prevent suicide. Emile Durkheim was a French sociologist who published one of many books, entitled, â€Å"Suicide†. In it, he showed the different suicide rates between Protestant and Catholic people. This book was published in 1897, so, it reflects his findings at that point in time. Some of the theories that Durkheim established about suicide being at a higher rate include the following: * Men than women * Single than married * Childless than with children * Protestants than Catholics/Jews * Soldiers than civilians * Times of peace than in times of war * Scandinavian countries * Higher education level The four subtypes of suicide that Durkheim recognized were: egoistic, altruistic, anomic, and fatalistic. Egoistic suicide resulted from a feeling of not belonging or having no sense of meaning. Altruistic was being overwhelmed by a society's beliefs and they feel less important. Anomic was from a person's basic lack of not knowing where they fit in. Finally, fatalistic suicide, which is the rarest, is when a person's future or what they are passionate about are oppressed by harsh discipline. The longitudinal variation in Durkheim's theory is pretty much constant in that during each decade, the rates stay about the same. They range from a low of 10. 6/100,000 in 1960 to a high of 12. 4/100,000 in 1990. The average rate remains around 11. 39/100,000. No matter the difference in integration, social ties or freedom, the suicide rates remain about the same. Suicide rates are higher among college students because they tend to have more stress in their lives or more things to worry about. They have all new things to worry about and do not have the closeness of their parents to help them as they did before. Some occupations can increase suicide rates and they include dentists, artists, teachers, etc. The type of work the person does and if they are depended on by others for their work can push these people to suicide. Single people tend to have higher suicide rates than married. When you are married, you are part of a functioning unit and dependent upon each other. Adding children into the mix does and can add stress but also makes one happier, in my opinion. Single people are more isolated and less likely to have such close bonds. As for those with advancing age, they just seem to have given up. They think they have lived their lives and what more can they do? The late Dr. Kevorkian tended a lot of assisted suicides requested mostly by elderly people. The median age of Dr. Kevorkian's patients was 74. That really shows how the elderly just seem to want to give up and pass on. Among the black and white youth population, Durkheim showed it was more likely for white youngsters, especially those who were wealthy, to take their own lives. This seemed to be due to even though these white youths had more economic advantage, they were often socially isolated. However, black youth suicide is on the rise in our country. I read that this is due to the breakdown of family and easier access to alcohol and drugs. However, the biggest factor is the increase of the black middle class, which puts more stress on these kids from their new social surroundings. In conclusion, I believe a lot of suicides generally stem from a cry for help. In my past, I have had these types of thoughts and am currently on an anti-depressant. There should be more literature available, especially for our youth, so they can be thoroughly educated on suicide. From my own personal experience, most attempted suicides are a cry for help. These people want help but not in a condescending way. They don't want to be made fun of or made to feel like crap for their feelings. They just want to be understood. At least that is how I always felt. I believe there should be more youth groups or places youngsters can go and get involved in a healthy manner. Even for those who feel isolated by the normal groups in schools like athletics, choir, etc. There should be a community center specializing in groups of different interests; that are not offered in a typical educational environment. So, overall, I propose more education on suicide, a better understanding of those who are suicidal or depressed, and a place for the community to help them, not just our youth but all of our society. REFERENCES Macionis, J. J. (2009). Sociology (13th Ed. ). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Education, Inc. , publishing as Prentice Hall. Suicide (book). (n. d. ). In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved Sept. 11, 2011, from http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Suicide_(book). Randall, Vernellia R. (1993, 2008). Suicide Among Black Youth 1980-1995. Retrieved Sept. 11, 2011, from http://academic. udayton. edu/health/01status/suicide01. htm. Massango, Rataemane and Motojesi (2008). Suicide and suicide risk factors: A literature review. CPD Article, p. 25-28. Retrieved Sept. 1, 2011, from http://www. safpj. co. za/index. php/safpj/article/viewFile/1302/1305. Maris, Berman, Silverman and Bongar, (2000). The Comprehensive Textbook of Suicidology: Part II: Sociodemographic and Epidemiological Issues, p. 194-203. Retrieved Sept. 11, 2011, from http://books. google. com/books? id=Zi-xoFAPnPMC&pg=PA202&lpg=PA202&dq#v=onepage&q&f=false. Physician-Assisted Suicide Advocate Dr. Jack Kevorkian to be released from prison. (May 27, 2007). Retrieved Sept. 11, 2011, from http://www. foxnews. com/story/0,2933,275712,00. html.

Report Writing About Depression

Report Writing About Depression Paul Dewey (2006) defined depression as a health condition which is characterised with intense feelings of low mood or sadness. Even though these are common feelings in human life that are likely to come as a result of normal reactions to matters of life, depression is much more serious since it interferes with people’s lives in a negative manner (p. 285).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Report Writing About Depression specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Globally, the incidence of depression tends to be high. However, the prevalence of the condition varies greatly throughout the world, with some countries having higher rates than others. Focusing on the Australian context, Slade and others (2009) stated that depression is among the top three individual health problems in Australia together with stroke and heart attack. The incidence of the disease in the country is observed to have risen over the years to reach very high levels today (p. 594). According to the Australian National Survey of Mental Health and Wellbeing, conducted in 2014, there are around one million people in Australia suffering from depression today. In fact, depression has a high lifetime-prevalence where it is observed that one in seven Australians will experience depression in their lifetime. Depression triggers serious economic as well as social impacts on Australians, as a result of the management costs and the many suicide deaths that would tend to arise from the condition. Even though depression can occur at any age of life, it is very common with the elderly people who are highly exposed to most of the factors contributing to the condition. There are many factors that can trigger depression for all age groups, but some of the common causes would include things such as illnesses, bereavement, loss of independence, and exposure to brutal life conditions. People having depression may be identified with feelings of sad ness, loss of interest in common matters of life, hopelessness, emptiness, and despair, among other symptoms (Barney et al., 2006). This condition can interfere with people’s ability to eat, rest, work, participate in studies, and interact with others. The prognosis for people suffering from depression is often not favourable. In most cases, the deep hopelessness experienced in depression would make victims see suicide as the only way to escape from the brutalities of the condition (Sanchez, 2001).Advertising Looking for essay on psychology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Also, depression can result in permanent insanity and non-fatal disability. Apart from the extreme outcomes highlighted above, victims are also likely to adopt bad behaviours that can be characterised with things such as homicidal violence, drug abuse, and irritability. The treatment of people with depression has become much easier in Austra lia due to the many developments that have been realised in the Healthcare Sector. For instance, the use of modern technologies in the sector has improved the work of the professionals who deal with this condition, thus making it more manageable (Sawyer et al., 2001). Different health care professionals across the country can offer treatment and advice on how to handle depression. Apart from the role played by doctors, much help can also be realised through the help of psychologists and psychiatrists. These later professionals in the health care sector assist people to cope with life issues in an effective way, thus helping to minimise cases of depression (Wilson, 2007). Common psychological treatments in Australia include things such as family therapy, interpersonal therapy, and cognitive behavior therapy. Depression is often misunderstood by many people in the world, and this helps to explain the many myths surrounding the condition today. For example, there are many misunderstand ings about the condition and how it impacts people’s lives in Australia. Following is a summary of some of the common myths of depression in the country. There is concrete evidence that many people in Australia tend to believe that depression is the cause of all suicide deaths in the world, but this not true (Reavley Jorm, 2011). Even though depression is a major cause of suicide deaths, not all people who commit suicide suffer from the condition. But the truth of the matter is that suicide deaths can also occur as a result of other causes. In some cases, people have also been misled to believe that depression is a communicable disease. This is also not true, since it has been proven that depression is a condition which is triggered by some common factors in life.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Report Writing About Depression specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More There is also a misunderstanding that all young p eople will develop depression, and therefore, it is just a normal part of human life (Jorm et al., 2006). This is also a myth, and the truth about this perception is that depression does not come just to anybody, and in case it occurs, it can be to people of any age and not only young people. This explanation can also apply in dismissing a belief by some communities that depression only affects the old, which is also not true. Another false belief about depression is that it always leads to insanity. There is also a misleading perception that people suffering from this condition are doomed. Another serious misinformation about depression is that, talking and listening to ones family and friends alone can permanently cure the condition. All these myths among others that have not been observed here are likely to perpetuate discrimination and stigma against the victims. For instance, people suffering from the condition will be sidelined by others for fear that they will pass the diseas e to them. More importantly, the victims are viewed as doomed people who are destined for death through suicide, and in that case, they are discriminated and stigmatized by others in the community. The media, both fiction and non-fiction, has been a significant tool which has been used to portray the issue of depression and other mental problems in Australia. Even though study has shown most of these media to have played a key role in informing the public about depression, others have just misinformed people about the condition, thus further perpetuating the discrimination and stigma associated with it (Highet, Luscombe Davenport, 2006). However, the good news is that over 80 percent of the media have taken the issue of depression more seriously, thus applying every effort to inform people about it. A good example here is the Australian print media which has extensively continued to educate people about the facts surrounding the condition (McGorry et al., 2007).Advertising Looking for essay on psychology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More More positive outcomes in regard with media portrayal of depression are likely to be realised in Australia, considering the efforts of programs such as ‘Mindframe National Media Initiative’ that have been at the fore-front in providing guidelines on how different media platforms should portray depression to the people. References Barney, L., Griffiths, K., Jorm, A., Christensen, H. (2006). Stigma about depression and its impact on help†seeking intentions. Australian and New  Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 40(1), 51-54. Highet, N., Luscombe, G., Davenport, T. (2006). Positive relationships between public awareness activity and recognition of the impacts of depression in Australia and Burns. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 40(1), 55-58. Jorm, A., Barney, L., Christensen, H., Highet, N., Kelly, C., Kitchener, B. (2006). Research on mental health literacy: what we know and what we still need to know. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychia try, 40(1), 3-5. McGorry, P., Purcell, R., Hickie, I., Jorm, A. (2007). Investing in youth mental health is a best buy. Medical Journal of Australia, 187(7), S5-S7. Paul, S. Dewey, H. (2006). Prevalence of depression and use of antidepressant medication at 5-years poststroke in the North East Melbourne Stroke Incidence Study. Stroke, 37(11), 285-289. Reavley, N., Jorm, A. (2011). Recognition of mental disorders and beliefs about treatment and outcome: findings from an Australian National Survey of Mental Health Literacy and Stigma. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 45(11), 947-956. Sanchez, L. (2001). Suicide in mood disorders. Depress Anxiety, 14(3), 77-82. Sawyer, M., Arney, F., Baghurst, P., Clark, J., Graetz, B., Kosky, R., Zubrick, S. (2001). The mental health of young people in Australia: key findings from the child and adolescent component of the national survey of mental health and well†being. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 35(6), 806-814. Slade, T., Johnston, A., Oakley B., Andrews, G., Whiteford, H. (2009). 2007 National Survey of Mental Health and Wellbeing: methods and key findings. Australasian  Psychiatry, 43(7), 594-605. Wilson, C. J. (2007). When and how do young people seek professional help for mental health problems? The Medical Journal of Australia, 187(4), S35-S39.